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聖座教義部:以任意修改的經文施行的洗禮無效

August 10, 2020
in Vatican
聖座教義部:以任意修改的經文施行的洗禮無效

為嬰兒付洗

By Vatican News

Aug 8 2020

聖座教義部對關於一種施行洗禮的經文是否有效的兩個疑問作了否定的答覆,這個付洗經文為“我們給你授洗,因父、及子、及聖神之名”。

(梵蒂岡新聞網)聖洗聖事若以任意修改的經文來施行則無效,以這種方式領受洗禮的人必須以“專有形式”接受聖洗,即根據教會制定的禮儀規範重覆這項禮儀。聖座教義部在答覆關於一種施行聖洗聖事的經文是否有效的兩個疑問時作了上述表示。受到質疑的經文為“因爸爸和媽媽、代父和代母、祖父母、親朋好友之名,以及因團體之名我們給你授洗,因父及子及聖神之名”。

聖座教義部在一份教義解釋性説明中指出,這種“對聖事經文的故意修改”是“為强調聖洗的團體價值,表達家庭和在場者的參與,以及避免讓人覺得在《羅馬禮儀》的經文中,這項神聖權力集中在司鐸身上而不利於父母和團體”。《説明》援引《禮儀憲章》的内容,提醒道,“無論是誰付洗,實為基督親自付洗”(7號),基督是“所舉行慶典的主角”。

當然,在這禮儀慶典中“父母、代父母和整個團體都應邀從事一種積極的角色,真正盡到禮儀職務”。不過,根據《禮儀憲章》的指示,這種參與在於“無論是司祭或信友,每人按照事體的性質和禮規,盡自己的任務,只作自己的一份,且要作得齊全”(同上,28號)。

教義部的《説明》繼續表示,“此處,以具有爭議的牧靈理由再次呈現一個久遠的誘惑,即以認為更適合的其它文字來取代由聖傳而來的經文”。然而,“藉助牧靈理由也會無意識地掩飾一種主觀上的偏移和一種操縱性意志”。梵二大公會議按照特利騰大公會議的決定,確立任何人“即便是司鐸,絕不得擅自增減,或改變禮儀的任何部分”(同上,22號3)。

事實上,“按照自己的主張修改一件聖事舉行的經文,這不僅是一種禮儀上的濫用,一如違反已確定的規則,同時也傷害教會共融和基督施展作為的可識別性,在更嚴重的情況下致使聖事本身變得無效,因為主禮者舉止的性質要求他真誠地傳授自己所領受的一切”。

《説明》解釋道,在聖事的舉行中,會衆所行的並非是“團體性”的作為,而是“舉行者”的作為。施行者“不是以接受委託的官員身份發言,而是行使職責,將之作為基督臨在的標記。基督在祂的奧體内施展作為,賜予祂的恩寵”。有鑒於此,“特利騰大公會議關於聖事施行者的指示需要得到瞭解,即施行者起碼應有行教會所行之務的意向”。這個意向不可“僅限於内在層次”,因為會有主觀主義的危險,而應藉著一種“不以自己的名,而因著基督”的“外在行為”來表達。

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