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印度“黑色日”:贱民是最容易受到新冠病毒感染的群体

August 13, 2020
in World
“Black Day” protest against discrimination of India’s Dalit Christians

印度來自各地的賤民聚集在新德里舉行示威活動

By Vatican News

Aug 13 2020

印度8月10日舉行“黑色日”,為“種姓之外”的人爭取權益。天主教會也支持這項創舉,因為許多基督徒遭受歧視和偏見。這些低種姓的人常屬於貧窮階層,在疫情當中最難受到保護。

(梵蒂岡新聞網)印度“種姓之外”的“賤民”在國内最受歧視,他們是印度教傳統觀念中最低的社會階層。不屬於印度教傳統觀念的基督徒、佛教徒、穆斯林和錫克教徒也被列入這個階層。因此從1950年起,在包括天主教會在内的一些組織的推動下,印度每年8月10日舉行“黑色日”,紀念通過了有關“預定種姓”政策的憲法第3條,這項政策保障印度教賤民的權利。

隨後,錫克教徒和佛教徒的權利也得到承認,唯有基督徒和穆斯林被排除在外,他們受到歧視,有時也是暴力的受害者。印度瓦薩伊(Vasai)教區瑪查多(Felix Machado)總主教向《梵蒂岡新聞網》解釋說:“這些暴力不是直接的,卻很細微、很隱晦。在日常生活中,只要知道一個人是賤民,例如兒童的情況,他們就無法去學校。一個人在印度無法躲藏起來,因為他所屬的種姓就像陽光那樣清晰。教會盡很大的努力,卻有限度。我的教區就位於有賤民的地區,我們辦學校,竭盡全力收所有的孩子,但我們絲毫得不到政府的幫助。”

今天,印度是受新冠病毒感染人數衆多的世界第三大國,確診人數超過兩百萬,其中大部分病患正是賤民。瑪查多總主教繼續表示,“他們是外出的勞工,根據工作地點從國家的一個地區前往另一個地區。他們受到剝削,由於國家為預防傳染而採取限制流動措施,這些人在設法返鄉的路上受了很大痛苦。他們確實經歷了十字苦路”。

賤民的生活環境使他們很難預防疫情傳染,瑪查多總主教說:“他們經歷著巨大痛苦,因為他們生活在最貧窮、人口十分密集的地區。那裡沒有水,沒有衛生設施,賤民就這樣成了最容易受病毒感染的人。如果沒有水,他們怎能洗手呢?如何找到肥皂?再説,賤民所做的工作常使他們與富人接觸,現在沒有人再願意雇用他們。如果被衆人視為一個病毒攜帶者的窮人,又怎能進入別人的家能呢?”

瑪查多總主教最後表示:“有許多促進人權的組織提供幫助並做些事,其中包括各宗教的信徒。我們進行的跨宗教對話也很重視這個問題。有許多人前來相助,但社會尚未去除這道障礙,在社會報告中將所有的罪過都推到賤民身上。這種痛苦難以忍受,教會盡很大的努力來消除這種歧視。我們希望在印度舉行的‘黑色日’能喚醒衆人的良知。” – Vatican News

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